No True Scotsman

🥅

Moving the Goalposts

Logically close Often paired Same family

Changes the standard of proof or success after the original standard has been met.

⚖️

Burden of Proof

Common Logically close Often paired Same family

Shifts responsibility for proving a claim onto other people instead of supporting it directly.

🎟️

Special Pleading

Common Logically close Same family Often confused

Applies standards selectively, carving out an exception when the rule becomes inconvenient.

📏

Continuum Fallacy

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Claims a distinction is meaningless just because the boundary between cases is gradual or fuzzy.

🌑

Appeal to Ignorance

Often paired Same family Similar wording

Claims something is true or false simply because it has not been proven otherwise.

🏺

Appeal to Tradition

Often paired Same family Similar wording

Claims something is correct or preferable mainly because it has long been done that way.