Affirming the Consequent

↪️

Denying the Antecedent

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Assumes that if a condition is absent, the outcome must also be absent, even though the outcome could still arise in other ways.

∴

Propositional Fallacies

Logically close Same family Similar wording

A broader label for invalid moves in propositional logic where the conclusion does not validly follow from the premises.

📚

Syllogistic Fallacies

Same family Similar wording Same category

Uses a broken syllogism or category relationship so the conclusion does not logically follow.

4️⃣

Four-Term Fallacy

Same family Similar wording Same category

Uses a syllogism with four terms instead of three, often because a key term shifts meaning.

📏

Illicit Major

Same family Similar wording Same category

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the major term more broadly than the premises allow.

📐

Illicit Minor

Same family Similar wording Same category

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the minor term more broadly than the premises allow.