Strawman

👤

Ad Hominem

Common Logically close Often paired Same family

Attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself.

😏

Appeal to Ridicule

Logically close Often paired Same family

Mocks a position to make it seem false instead of actually refuting it.

↩️

Tu Quoque

Common Logically close Often paired Same family

Responds to criticism by accusing the critic of similar behavior instead of addressing the criticism.

🐟

Red Herring

Common Logically close Same family Often confused

Introduces a distraction that pulls attention away from the main issue.

🎯

Ignoratio Elenchi

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Presents reasons that may sound relevant but do not actually answer the point at issue.

💥

Appeal to Emotion

Common Often paired Same family Similar wording

Pushes the audience toward a conclusion by provoking emotion rather than giving solid reasons.