Appeal to Force

😨

Appeal to Fear

Logically close Same family Often confused

Leans on fear or alarm to drive acceptance of a claim instead of supporting it with sound reasoning.

🥺

Appeal to Pity

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Treats sympathy or compassion as if it were evidence that a claim is true or justified.

👤

Ad Hominem

Common Logically close Same family Similar wording

Attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself.

🚪

False Dilemma

Common Often paired Same family Similar wording

Frames a situation as if there were only two options when more possibilities exist.

🧭

Appeal to Consequences

Same family Similar wording Same category

Treats desirable or undesirable consequences as proof that a claim itself is true or false.

💥

Appeal to Emotion

Common Same family Similar wording Same category

Pushes the audience toward a conclusion by provoking emotion rather than giving solid reasons.