Undistributed Middle

📏

Illicit Major

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the major term more broadly than the premises allow.

📐

Illicit Minor

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the minor term more broadly than the premises allow.

📚

Syllogistic Fallacies

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Uses a broken syllogism or category relationship so the conclusion does not logically follow.

4️⃣

Four-Term Fallacy

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Uses a syllogism with four terms instead of three, often because a key term shifts meaning.

🔢

Quantification Fallacies

Logically close Same family Often confused

Misuses words like all, some, or none so the conclusion goes beyond what the premises support.

🔁

Affirming the Consequent

Same family Similar wording Same category

Treats a result as proof of a particular cause, even though the same result could follow from other causes too.