Syllogistic Fallacies

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Illicit Major

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the major term more broadly than the premises allow.

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Illicit Minor

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Draws a syllogistic conclusion that distributes the minor term more broadly than the premises allow.

🔺

Undistributed Middle

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Uses a shared middle term in a syllogism without properly connecting the categories, so the conclusion does not follow.

4️⃣

Four-Term Fallacy

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Uses a syllogism with four terms instead of three, often because a key term shifts meaning.

🔢

Quantification Fallacies

Logically close Same family Similar wording

Misuses words like all, some, or none so the conclusion goes beyond what the premises support.

🧱

Composition Fallacy

Logically close Often confused Similar wording

Assumes that what is true of the parts must also be true of the whole.